List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments
List of Abbreviations
Foreword (by Chancellor Nancy L. Zimpher)
Preface to the Revised and Updated Second Edition
1. The Global Knowledge Economy and Higher Education
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Globalization and the Knowledge Economy
1.2.1 The Industrial Society
1.2.2 Transformation to the Knowledge Society and the Global Knowledge Economy
1.3 The Global Higher Education Agenda
2. Enrollment and Increasing Demand
2.1 Increasing Demand
2.2 Demographic Shift and Nontraditional Students
2.3 Increasing Demand and International Student Mobility
Chapter 3. The Rise of Market Forces
3.1 Historical Background
3.2 Public Spending and Tuition Fees
3.3 Private Institutions
3.4 Changing Patterns of Governance
3.4.1 Historical Background
3.4.2 The State, the Academia, and the Society as Actors in Governance
3.4.3 Transformation from the Regulatory to the Evaluative State
3.4.4 Spread of Lay Governance, Strengthened Institutional Leadership, and a Redefinition of Autonomy
3.5 The Rise of Market Forces in Relation to International Student Mobility
4. New Providers of Higher Education
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Impact of Technology
4.3 Impact of Technology on Traditional Institutions
4.3.1 Distributed Learning
4.3.2 Virtual Arms and Unbundling of Services in Traditional Institutions
4.4 Types of New Providers
4.4.1 Consortia and Networks
4.4.2 For-Profit Higher Education
4.4.3 Virtual Universities
4.4.4 Corporate Universities
4.4.5 Certificate Programs
4.4.6 Museums, Libraries, Publishers, and Media Enterprises
4.4.7 Academic Brokers
4.4.8 Franchises and Branch Campuses
4.5 The Global Higher Education Market
5. Globalization and Internationalization of Higher Education
5.1 Historical Antecedents
5.1.1 International Academic Mobility in the Greco-Roman and the Muslim Worlds
5.1.2 International Academic Mobility in Medieval Times
5.1.3 International Academic Mobility: 1500–1800
5.1.4 The Birth of the Napoleonic University and the German Research University
5.1.5 International Academic Mobility in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
5.1.6 The Emergence of Modern American Higher Education
5.2 Globalization and Internationalization of Higher Education since 1950
5.3 Definition of Terms
5.3.1 Globalization and Internationalization
5.3.2 Rationales for Internationalization of Higher Education
5.4 The European Response: The Bologna Process
5.4.1 Chronological Background
5.4.2 An Evaluation of the Bologna Process
5.5 GATS: A “Commercial/Anglo-Saxon Response”
5.6 Quality Assurance in Transnational Higher Education:“Multinational Organizational Responses”
5.7 The Global Higher Education Agenda and International Student Mobility
6. International Student Mobility
6.1 The Global Picture Today
6.2 Major Host Countries
6.2.1 United States
6.2.1.1 Enrollment Statistics
6.2.1.2 Evaluation of Internationalization Policies of the United States
6.2.2 United Kingdom
6.2.3 Germany
6.2.4 France
6.2.5 Australia
6.2.6 Other Major and Emerging Host Countries: Japan, Russia, Canada, and New Zealand
6.2.6.1 Japan
6.2.6.2 Russia
6.2.6.3 Canada
6.2.6.4 New Zealand
6.3 Major Countries of Origin of Foreign Students
6.3.1 China: A Major Source Country and an Emerging Major Host Country
6.3.2 India
6.3.3 Other Major Countries of Origin
6.4 Regional Breakdown of International Student Mobility
6.5 International Student Mobility and International Migration
7. Concluding Remarks
Appendix A: Data on Enrollment and Expenditures in National Systems and International Student Mobility
Appendix B: Definition of Terms Related to Evaluation and Quality Assurance
Appendix C: The European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System and the Diploma Supplement
Appendix D: Recognition of Qualifications in Europe
Appendix E: Education, Training, and Youth Programs of the European Union
Appendix F: Definitions of Foreign Students
Appendix G: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Notes
Bibliography
Index