Preface
Introduction, by Nicholas A. Ashford
1. Science, Uncertainty, and Politics
The Problem of Imperfect Knowledge
Scientific Controversies
Mixing Science and Politics
The Political Uses of Science
2. Science and Regulatory Science
Normal Science and Regulatory Science
Elements of Risk Assessment
Risk Assessment Policy
Evaluating the Guidelines
A Final Assessment
3. Origins of Cancer Policy
Agenda Building and Policy Formulation
Political Perspective: The Clash of Estates
Birth of the Modern Environmental Movement
Environmental Legislation
The War on Cancer
History of Cancer Research
Reports
Mid-1970s
EPA 1976 Interim Guidelines
National Cancer Advisory Board
4. Maturation of Cancer Policy
Regulatory Reform
The Drive Toward a Coherent, Governmentwide Cancer Policy
OSHA's Cancer Regulations
Interagency Regulatory Liaison Group
Offices of Science and Technology Policy
Toxics in Air and Water
Toxic Substances Strategy Committee
Other Efforts During the Carter Administration
5. The Reagan Administration: Challenge and Change
Scientific Challenge
Change of Administrations
Administrative Strategy
Cancer Policy in the Reagan Administration: Early Period
6. Critique, Scandal and Consensus
Critique and Scandal
Return to Consensus
Establishing the Consensus
Ruckelshaus Initiatives
Interdisciplinary Panel
7. The Challenge to Cancer Policy
Is There a Cancer Problem?
The Apocalyptics
Conclusion: Justifying Risk Assessment
8. Mixing Truth with Power
Introduction
Case Study: Diet and Cancer
Separating Science and Policy
Comingling and Concurrent Development
Final Observations and Recommendations
Appendix A: Risk Assessment Principles
Appendix B: Inference Choices
Appendix C: Chronology
Appendix D: Acronyms
Notes
References
Index