List of Illustrations
Preface
List of Abbreviations
Chronological Table
1. Introduction
The Question about The Others
Ethnic Theories and Ancient History
Choice of Subjects
About the Comparative Study of History
Structure, Scope, and Sources
2. In Search of Cultural Identity
Geography
Language
Looking for Foreigners
3. Representations
Designations of Self and Others
Textual and Graphic Evidence
4. Relations and Attitudes
Enemies
Demons
Friends and Allies
From Apprehension to Appreciation
5. Foreigners Within
Social Positions
Foreign Goods and Languages
6. The Transformation of the Barbarians
To Assimilate or Not to Assimilate
Between Ideology and Reality
7. Conclusion
The Illusive Others
Official Ideology and Private Sentiments
The Comparative Gaze
The Problem of Great Civilizations
Notes
Bibliography
Index