Introduction
Alan C. Purves
PART I. DIFFICULTY IN THEORY AND PRACTICE
1. Sources of Difficulty in the Processing of Written Language
Wallace Chafe
2. The Difficulty of Difficulty
Hazard Adams
3. Literary Theory and the Notion of Difficulty
William Touponce
4. The Difficulty of Reading
Helen Regeiro Elam
PART II. DIFFICULTY IN PRACTICE AND THEORY
5. Kinds of Understanding, Kinds of Difficulties in the Reading of Literature
Gunnar Hansson
6. Questions of Difficulty in Literary Reading
Susan Hynds
7. Making it Hard: Curriculum and Instruction as Factors in the Difficulty of Literature
Martin Nystrand
8. Indeterminate Texts, Responsive Readers, and the Idea of Difficulty in Literature
Alan C. Purves
Contributors
Name Index