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Summary
The delight of Bacchus, wine has ever been man's solace and joy. Growing out of the poorest soil, the wild grape was tamed and blended over millennia to produce a royal beverage. But the nineteenth century brought a near revolution in the production of wine, and democracy in its consumption; technology made wine an industry, while improved living standards put it on the people's dinner table. The vintners of France and Italy frantically bought land and planted grapes in their attempt to profit from the golden age of wine. But the very technology which made possible swift transportation, with all its benefits to winemen, brought utter devastation from America--the phylloxera aphids--and only when France and Italy had replanted their entire vineyards on American stock did they again supply the thirsty cities and discriminating elite.
In an exhaustive examination Professor Loubere follows the wine production process from practices recommended long ago by the Greeks and Romans through the technical changes that occurred in the nineteenth century. He shows how technology interacted with economic, social, and political phenomena to produce a new viticultural world, but one distinct in different regions. Winemen espoused a wide range of politics and economics depending on where they lived, the grapes they grew, and the markets they sought. While a place remained for carefully hand-raised wine, the industry had, by the end of the century, turned to mass production, though it was capable of great quality control and consistency from year to year.
The author uses a wide range of sources, including archives and contemporary accounts. The volume contains extensive figures, tables, graphs, and maps.
Table of Contents
Figures, Tables, Maps, Graph
List of Equivalents
Preface
Introduction
Part One. Geography of Wine
Chapter One. France's Mediterranean Vineyard
Chapter Two. France: Riparian Winelands
Chapter Three. The Atlantic Vineyard
Chapter Four. Northern Italy
Chapter Five. Central & Southern Italy
Part Two. Technical, Economic & Social Aspects
Chapter Six. Wine-Making: Tradition & Innovation
Chapter Seven. Economics of Wine
Chapter Eight. The Phylloxera or the Terrible Vine Blight
Chapter Nine. The New Wine Industry
Chapter Ten. The Human Element
Chapter Eleven. The Commerce of Wine
Part Three. Crisis & Renewal
Chapter Twelve. Era of Crisis
Chapter Thirteen. Wine & Politics
Chapter Fourteen. Reorganization of the Wine Industry